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formula of finite increments

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  • Turing's proof — First published in January 1937 with the title On Computable Numbers, With an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem , Turing s proof was the second proof of the assertion (Alonzo Church proof was first) that some questions are undecidable :… …   Wikipedia

  • probability theory — Math., Statistics. the theory of analyzing and making statements concerning the probability of the occurrence of uncertain events. Cf. probability (def. 4). [1830 40] * * * Branch of mathematics that deals with analysis of random events.… …   Universalium

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  • Integral — This article is about the concept of integrals in calculus. For the set of numbers, see integer. For other uses, see Integral (disambiguation). A definite integral of a function can be represented as the signed area of the region bounded by its… …   Wikipedia

  • Itō calculus — Itō calculus, named after Kiyoshi Itō, extends the methods of calculus to stochastic processes such as Brownian motion (Wiener process). It has important applications in mathematical finance and stochastic differential equations.The central… …   Wikipedia

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  • Pythagorean triple — A Pythagorean triple consists of three positive integers a , b , and c , such that a 2 + b 2 = c 2. Such a triple is commonly written ( a , b , c ), and a well known example is (3, 4, 5). If ( a , b , c ) is a Pythagorean triple, then so is ( ka …   Wikipedia

  • Numerical integration — consists of finding numerical approximations for the value S In numerical analysis, numerical integration constitutes a broad family of algorithms for calculating the numerical value of a definite integral, and by extension, the term is also… …   Wikipedia

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